Eloise Bagley

The Pros and Cons of Stem Cell Treatment

The Pros and Cons of Stem Cell
Treatment
Pros and Cons of Cell Treatment
There are many things that go into a patient’s health care decision culture.aseancoverage, especially when
it comes to stem cell treatment. At ThriveMD, we are always available to review the
best options with our patients and help them make informed decisions about their
health care needs and treatments.

Journal Of Stem Cell Research
Stem cells are a type of adult or embryonic cell that can be grown in a lab and then
manipulated to become other types of cells. Using these cells, researchers can help
repair damaged tissues and organs. In a similar way, they can also be injected into
the body to treat specific diseases and injuries.
1. The potential for a cure:
One of the most promising areas of cell research is finding ways to regenerate and
restore injured or diseased tissue. This is a big step forward in regenerative
medicine, which could help people recover from many conditions that have been
treated until now with drugs and surgery.
2. The high cost of stem cell research:
There are a lot of costs that come with developing and testing a new drug or
procedure, including the cost of research and development. Additionally, it takes
years of research to develop a new treatment and test it on humans.

FDA Approval to Treat COVID-19 Patients with Stem Cells | SDOMG
3. The risk of rejection:
Another downside to stem cell research is that it is a risky process. Stem cells can
be rejected by the body if they are not a good match for a person’s genetic make-up
or immune system. This can be a significant issue in some cases, such as when
treating bone marrow transplants or hematopoietic stem cell transplants.
4. The risk of infection:
There is a small risk that you will get an infection in the area where you are having a
stem cell injection. This can happen if the stem cell is injected into your muscle or
cartilage, but is very rare.
5. The risk of side effects:
Steroids can cause serious side effects if they are used for a long time. For example,
if you are taking steroids to reduce pain in your joints, it is possible that they can
cause blood clots and other serious issues.
These risks can be avoided with low doses of steroids and short-term use. However,
it is important to be aware of the risks and talk to your doctor before starting any
steroid treatment.

6. Misinformation:
There is a lot of misinformation regarding stem cell therapy for orthopedic
conditions. This can be frustrating for patients who want to find a way to manage
their pain or improve their condition.
The best way to avoid this is to stay informed and up-to-date on the latest news and
developments in the field of regenerative medicine. Sign up for our free email
newsletter and receive tips and resources, as well as our expert advice on managing
your health.
You can also contact us to schedule a consultation with one of our experts.

Poker Guide – The Outs Calculation

We know well which hands to play with based on position victory 996 , stack and our opponents. But now the time has come to see how to move on the “flop”, and to do so we must start from a necessary basis: to know the mathematical possibilities of being able to further improve our hand, or to know how many of our possible ” outs “, the cards useful to improve the point.

What are the “Outs”

Whether it was we who opened the game or that we followed an opponent’s raise, it doesn’t matter at the moment, what we are interested in focusing on is that we are on the flop with three cards on the table that gave us our first possible hand combination.

But, except for very rare cases, the two cards that remain to be put into play in the Turn and River could still improve our point and it is precisely these that interest us to better define which and how many are our ” Outs “, or the number of cards that can close a major point for us. 

How the “outs” are calculated

In principle, the calculation of the ” Outs ” is an operation that must become automatic every time, and it consists very simply in counting the number of these cards that improve our point, especially in those occasions where we will have projects to complete. Let’s take a couple of examples to make the basic idea immediately clear:

  • Flush draw : We opened the game with our handsome A J and on the flop we are faced with 10 2 7. At the moment our point is “Ace High”, but as you can well imagine the board is actually quite favorable and interesting because it has opened a flush draw that would make us as they say “Nuts”, or with the best possible point at stake. What are our “outs”? Which cards would help us improve the point? Given that in many cases, perhaps an Ace or a Jack might be enough to beat our opponent (it will then depend on which “range” of hands we can identify our opponent to know what is enough to win the hand), let’s just consider those cards so we will certainly win, which tend to be all the remaining hearts in the deck: “9 Outs”.
  • Straight draw : Another very common situation is to start holding a J 10 for example, and find yourself on the flop Q 9 5 .
  • “Combo” project : in some cases we may find ourselves in an even better situation with both cases mentioned above together.

There are obviously many other possibilities to analyze and evaluate, and it will be important to train yourself to immediately recognize the number of “ outs ” in each of these. But now that we have this number, why is it so important to our game choices?

The “Outs” and the odds

Knowing the number of ” Outs ” is essential to then be able to calculate our statistical percentage to improve our score. We have already seen this when we talked about winning percentages for starting hands: poker is a game of probability and range, let’s always remember that.

In this case, after calculating the “Outs”, the next step is to calculate the ” Odds” we have, that is the percentage of probability. To give a rapt example, in the case of the flush draw of the previous example, the “9 Outs” translate into exactly a 35% chance of finishing the point. That is about once in three we will have flush in the River.

How did we get to that percentage and above all, how can we make the most of it?

The concept of ” Odds and Probabilities” is so important that we will dedicate the entire next article of the Guide to explain it in the best possible way because it will then become essential to understand when it is necessary to push, when it is useful to abandon the shot and also how much to bet precisely to make it profitable. choice. We will also explain a very simple method to calculate the percentage by heart even for those who are not very good with math (the famous rule of “x4 and x2” ).

For now maybe practice with some hand you have played or seen, stopping on the flop to calculate how many “outs” you had in that stroke. Familiarize yourself with this mental calculation, and prepare yourself for the next chapter.

Popular Variants of Baccarat Game

รูปแบบต่างๆ ของบาคาร่าที่คุณอาจไม่เคยรู้

 

          ถึงแม้ว่าบาคาร่าจะเป็นเกมที่มีการพัฒนารูปแบบอย่างต่อเนื่องมาตั้งแต่ในอดีต เพราะตัวเกมที่

มีการเล่นอย่างแพร่หลายในประเทศต่างๆ ทำให้บาคาร่ามีรูปแบบที่แตกต่างกันออกไปแต่ละภูมิภาคต่างๆ ของโลก แต่ถึงอย่างนั้นกฎในการเล่นขั้นพื้นฐานก็ถือว่าเหมือนกันแทบทั้งหมด โดยเมื่อคุณได้เรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับวิธีการเล่นบาคาร่าแล้ว คุณจะสามารถทำความเข้าใจและเรียนรู้เกี่ยวกับความแตกต่างถึงรูปแบบทั้งหมดของบาคาร่าได้ไม่ยาก ดังนั้นการศึกษาประเภทเหล่านี้จะช่วยให้คุณสามารถเลือก

เล่นเกมได้ตามที่ต้องการ และเลือกยังใช้กลยุทธ์ในการเล่นได้อย่างเหมาะสมอีกด้วย ซึ่งรูปแบบที่คน

นิยมเล่นกันเป็นหลักจะมีดังต่อไปนี้

         เสือมังกรสด ดราก้อนไทเกอร์อาจเป็นรูปแบบบาคาร่าที่แตกต่างจากแบบอื่นมากที่สุด ซึ่งเกม นี้จะเป็นการปะทะกันระหว่างมังกรกับเสือมากกว่าผู้เล่นหรือเจ้ามือ โดยสิ่งแรกที่คุณจะสังเกตเห็นได้ก็คือเกมนี้มีไพ่มือเดียวเมื่อเทียบกับไพ่ 2 ใบที่แจกให้ นอกจากนี้มูลค่าของไพ่นั้นยังมีความแตกต่างกันอีกด้วย โดยในเกมนี้เอซจะเป็นไพ่ต่ำและไพ่ใบอื่นจะมีมูลค่าจากน้อยไปหามากดังนี้ A – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6 – 7 – 8 – 9 -10 – JQK เป็นต้น

         มินิบาคาร่า ถือเป็นเกมเวอร์ชันที่ใช้เวลาน้อยลงเหมือนตามชื่อ โดยการเล่นในแต่ละโต๊ะนั้นก็จะรองรับผู้เล่นเพียงแค่ 7คน ซึ่งจะไม่ถึง 8 คนเหมือนเกมอื่น โดยรูปแบบนี้ได้รับความนิยมอย่างมาก

ในอเมริกาและมีการเล่นกันอย่างแพร่หลายทั่วประเทศ จุดเด่นอีกแบบก็คือจะใช้เจ้ามือดำเนินการแค่คนเดียวซึ่งต่างจากปกติที่ใช้ 3 คน โดยเขาจะทำหน้าที่เป็นทั้งเจ้ามือและคนจ่ายเงินในเวลาเดียวกัน และอีกหนึ่งสิ่งที่น่าสนใจที่สุดของมินิบาคาร่าก็คืออัตราการเดิมพันที่ต่ำกว่าโต๊ะปกตินั่นเอง

         ปุนโตบันโก เมื่อเกมบาคาร่าได้มีการเล่นไปถึงประเทศคิวบา ก็ได้เกิดเป็นรูปแบบเฉพาะขึ้นมาโดยมีชื่อเรียกว่า Punto Bunco นั่นเอง โดยเกมรูปแบบนี้เป็นชนิดที่ได้รับความนิยมมากที่สุดโดยมีผู้เล่นในแต่ละโต๊ะที่อาจมากสูงสุดถึง 14 คน โดยทางฝั่งผู้เล่นจะเรียกว่า Punto และเรียก Bunco ในฝั่งของเจ้ามือ และจะใช้ไพ่ 6 – 8 สำรับในการเล่นแต่ครั้งเป็นต้น

        บาคาร่า Banque ความแตกต่างของเกมเวอร์ชันนี้ คือผู้เล่นคนใดคนหนึ่งจะสามารถเป็นเจ้ามือได้ตลอดทั้งเกมซึ่งแตกต่างจาก chemin de Fer ที่ผู้เล่นทุกคนจะได้รับโอกาสเท่ากัน โดยใช้ไพ่ในสำรับที่น้อยกว่าแบบอื่น อีกทั้งยังมีตัวเลือกการเดิมพันจำนวนมากให้กับผู้เล่นอีกด้วย

 

Why are online casinos always better? 

The craze of online gambling is increased day by day. Now it becomes an important part of people’s life when it comes to getting entertainment along with earning money. Millions of players are playing Gambling games worldwide, or they only need a smartphone to log in to the best games frequently. Not only are they getting the entertainment, but they can switch the platform to make money. You can simply get the thrill of online gambling in your pocket, or it is one of the important reasons players are joining online casinos.

Would you want to check out what the great benefits of online Casinos are? Here you can see the top reasons why people join online Casino as compared to visit land-based.

Gambling with My Grandmother: From the Philippines to America | Literary Hub

There are several benefits consumable with the online Casino, and the foremost one is convenience. One can comfortably play the Gambling games at an online Casino or all you need to start the Gamble. However, you can start the Gambling games at home or office. You can play the games without any issues or enjoy the excellent multiplayer online Gambling games. You might focus on the best gaming strategies, or it will help increase the game in the skills.

  • There is one more benefit of online Casino that you have in 24/7 availability to play the games. There are different versions of Gambling games available that you can choose to play online. The best fact about joining an online Casino is deciding the risk. Many of us can choose to gamble the games, or you will grab several advantages of earning real money. Casino games are more entertaining, or it will help reach several advantages and get more money to your wallet. This will benefit avoid financial issues also.
  • Whether you want to know about the ultimate benefits of online Casinos, you can consider the casino. Before join and casino, you need to get the information or check that it provides a welcome bonus or another kind of bonus or not. The thing proves highly profitable to you, or you can get a good amount of money in your wallet without any doubts.
  • One can grab the loyalty points that are highly utilized or are one of the best rewards for the players. It means that you become one of the best players in the gambling platform, or you can grab the loyalty points as well as the casino credits. The more you play gambling gd lotto games, you need to stay at a website, or you will receive the rewards.
  • Last my there are endless deposit options available when it comes to joining an online Casino. Rather than face the problems of a limited number of payment methods, you can withdraw the amount without any doubts. You can focus on the wide range of payment options that are about debit cards, credit cards, net banking, or more.

All these have represented why online casinos are better than land-based. So you can also choose the online casino over a land-based to play Gambling games.

When we bet there are at least 5 weak reasons: here are what they are

How many times have we heard “you should have bet on the flop”, or “you should have checked, instead of going out”? Many and many more times we will hear of it. It is probably an infinite speech and that perhaps will never succeed in getting everyone to agree.

Usually we talk about betting for value or bluffing, but there are at least 5 other reasons that lead us to bet. These are weak reasons, not always necessarily mistakes or wrong actions but still bets that risk making us win less or make us lose a lot, depending on the case. In short , borderline situations, to be filed to acquire even more awareness of the game.

Never bet for info

scattered poker chips photo – Free Gambling Image on Unsplash

The famous saying ” point to understand where I am in the hand ” is the first weak reason in betting. A very recurring phrase, especially among those who are beginners. If the latter folds, will we have obtained useful information? No and we got less chips with our cards .

If we will be called instead? In reality we know that the rival has a hand with which he seems willing to play mmc sgd, so it is questionable: are we in front or behind? Is he setting up a bluff or is he trapping us?

The point of the discussion revolves around one thing only: in the decision to bet the ‘bet for info’ it must never be the main element, but possibly a collateral advantage.

Don’t bet to protect your hand

The first is obviously wrong, the second much more subtle.

In the first case the player tends to increase the value he assigns to his hand or to his point compared to what it actually is. When we overbet just to protect our hand we will only be called by better spots and consequently that’s not what we need to do in a value bet.

And here we go back to the other circumstance, in which “We bet to protect the hand”. Which in reality is not a protection but a bet made precisely to obtain maximum profit . This is the subtle “big” difference between the two actions.

Avoid betting to block a bigger bet

How many times you watch small bettate during a hand, just to discourage rivals to make the bet more extensive ? Lots of them.

The problem with this strategy is twofold . First, we should bet on value when we are ahead of the rival’s calling range . We should therefore bet the optimal amount, usually greater than the size of a blocking bet. Otherwise we shouldn’t bet at all unless we have a profitable bluffing opportunity. We should therefore scale our bet to get sufficient fold equity.

The second problem is that our out of position blocking bet is often obvious to an experienced player . And this exposes us to possible bluffs from oppo, or to escapes, when in reality we have an important point in hand. In short, the idea of ​​blocking must be eliminated from our mental process. Just for value or for bluffing .

 

Balance ranges, but to make chips

This is probably more common in online play, where hand tracking is more affordable than in live matches . What we must never forget is the importance of often balancing the range of our hands . This does not mean betting to balance : if we want to bluff, we do it because we believe it is the right situation to do so and for nothing else. We bluff to get more chips and not to balance our range of hands.

Do not manipulate your image

The fifth and final point concerns the desire of many players to give a different image of themselves with some bets. It is something that we will pay for in the long run, especially in games with low buyins and stakes. An ideal strategy is that instead of possessing the image we have generated by playing to the maximum of our potential . So we take advantage of our image when the opportunity arises, leaving useless and risky transformations aside.

Losing players can be recognized by 9 mistakes: here are what they are

In the game of poker, few will be winning players and many will be winning players. It is an objective and not questionable mathematical fact. Everyone can’t win. They will win on occasion, but in most cases they will be forced to defeat. So if the winning player is easy to recognize for the great continuity of results, sometimes we find it a little harder to recognize the loser.

Or rather, we struggle to read between the lines those apparently good players, but who in reality are part of the vast majority of the losers. To understand who the losing players are, all that remains is to observe their plays roulette live online, their behavior at the table and the image they give. From these things we can derive at least a dozen errors, from which we can understand that it is a losing player.

When the ego prevails over everything

The first cue, to recognize the losing player, is found when the player makes ego prevail over common sense. Incomprehensible bluffs, duels with other players only for previous histories and the desire to show well beyond their potential.

The obsession with being bluffed

In practice, despite having a point very often beaten by most of the hands, he stubbornly calls. Few times the possibility of a better hand than his rival flashes in his head and very often he will feel compelled to call, because he is bluffing.

Strong point, but closed gas

Losing players also have an incredible vice. Those times they have an important point in their hands, they almost always manage to get paid less than they should. They make the hand lose value, cash out less than expected and don’t realize they’ve missed a great opportunity. The so-called aggression is missing in these cases. In short, making chips is not their forte.

The bluff, this unknown

As mentioned earlier, losing players always believe they are being bluffed. But you will rarely see a non-winning player experience the thrill of a bluff. Too risky, too much anxiety and perhaps too much confusion in the head. Playing closed as manholes, for the others at the table the situation becomes all downhill.

The gods of poker against themselves

The losing player feels haunted by the gods of poker. Any blowout will be because of them and certainly not for having limped the aces from utg. Each lost hand has the flavor that certain divinities fall only on them and that’s it. Remember each hand is the only child of your choices. It is up to you to choose the best.

Mathematics? No I go to intuition

The losing player doesn’t like math and thinks that poker isn’t all about percentages and probabilities. Intuition comes first. It is true that in certain situations intuition and some sensations can make a difference. But just relying on them for the duration of a tournament, or a cash game table is very deleterious.

Outside Bankroll fear reigns

Here the losing player doesn’t even know where the bankroll is at home. Often he will fearlessly throw himself into excessive frays for his pockets. Except then get caught up in fear at the table and play even worse than usual, under the weight of figures too high for him.

I am Iron Man

Too much is too much. Playing for many hours brings inevitable fatigue, but the losing player does not care thinking he is indestructible. Just as he can’t say enough, when really the boards are not friends at all and things don’t go the right way. And undeterred he will continue to play, losing time, chips and morale.

Choose at random

The losing player, especially in the cash game. He doesn’t know how to select tables and opponents. Whether there may be Mr. X or Phil Ivey changes little for him. And in that moment he makes the first of the big mistakes.

Tipping in a casino is a matter of etiquette

A few days ago we wrote about the etymology of the word tip . But how are we supposed to do that, tip in a casino? Tipping is, if you have to believe experts, in practice mainly a matter of etiquette. That is the whole of culturally determined rules of politeness and manners.

Unfortunately, that is not entirely correct. Tipping in casinos appears to differ per country indeed, so culturally different. But it can differ per casino. And even worse, the rules are also frequently changed. We are going to try to make it somewhat transparent.

Tipping in Macau

The city of Macau moved well past Las Vegas in gambling revenue a few years ago . We therefore start with this former Portuguese colony. Portugal handed over governance to China in 1999, who immediately legalized gambling in Macau to boost the area’s economy. There was no experience with tips.

Tipping is not necessary in Macau. Restaurants in a casino charge a 10% service fee. These have already been processed in the bill. You don’t have to tip in the casino either. But it is allowed, for example if you win.

General advice is: never give more than 10% and remember that in most casinos the recipient should hand over the tip to management. What it ultimately does with it depends on the tipping policy that differs per casino. It is therefore very questionable whether the casino employee will see anything of your tip.

Exception

Macau has general rules per game, which can almost be read like a law . In some cases it contains rules about giving tips, or actually receiving them. However, each casino in Macau deals with these rules in its own way.

For example, Article 18 of the Baccarat Rules states that the dealer must charge 5% commission on the payout. Tipping on top of that is not useful. But you can also play no-commission Baccarat in Macau. In that case, tipping is customary, but not mandatory.

That 5% commission is for the dealer, they call it ‘tea money’ (almost like drinking money with our tip). Bank money is part of the rules of the game in Blackjack and Poker. There the ‘commission’ goes to the casino. Because dealers don’t change games, they are at a disadvantage at Blackjack and Poker, compared to their colleagues at Baccarat. But so are floor managers, waitresses and other casino employees. So we keep in mind that in many cases all tips and commissions given go to management and we hope it is shared fairly. You can then let tipping depend on your mood.

Las Vegas and American casinos

Because not everyone is in contact with the public, not all employees can receive tips. This creates a recurring discussion at casinos in Las Vegas and other US cities. But there are also differences among employees who can receive tips, sometimes due to practical circumstances, sometimes due to the rules of a game. In addition, the discussion is also fed by other sentiments and ideas. Such as the idea that tipping is a form of bribery and encourages dishonesty.

From all angles, the tipping debate in the United States has been going on since 1900 and perhaps earlier. That makes an unambiguous answer about the etiquette around tipping in American casinos difficult.

Tipping in American casinos

Before we say anything about tipping in US casinos, there is one more thing to note. For many American workers, especially in hospitality and casinos, tips are an important addition to a low minimum income. In other words, a tip is very welcome there. However, there are more and more states that require a higher minimum wage to be paid. So are the states with casinos that prefer not to tip players.

Most visitors of OnlineCasinoGround who go to a casino in America will certainly play and stay overnight in Las Vegas. A casino hotel can have its own rules. However, the general standard in early 2020 was that every service provider receives a tip. So you should all tip the doorman, luggage carrier, room service etcetera… in principle, because it is not mandatory. And unlike Macau, the recipient is allowed to keep the tip themselves at almost all casinos in America.

Tipping at Holland Casino

In the Netherlands, the standard is easier to discover, because there is only one casino company for the time being. There all employees receive a good income in line with the market. Tipping is therefore not mandatory or necessary. But tipping in a casino is a beautiful tradition in the Netherlands and is certainly appreciated.

There are no guidelines. It used to be customary when winning with a ‘square’ (one number), to give the stake to the croupier. So if you put in 10 euros, you will receive 350 euros + your 10 euros deposit at plein. You then gave that 10 euros to the croupier. However, this way of tipping is disappearing.

Holland Casino also has a clear tipping policy. All tips go into the tip jar. This is managed by the Stichting Beheer Fooigelden. Via an allocation key, all employees with a tip-receiving position receive a share specified in their collective labor agreement. Money that lies on the floor in foreign casinos sometimes also goes into the tip pool. At Holland Casino, however, there is a separate charity pot for this. So don’t drop your money when you tip.

Use in some other countries

In Australia, tipping is officially prohibited in casinos. The main reason for this is the danger of being accused of bribery and / or dishonesty. In neighboring New Zealand, a casino employee does not expect a tip either. For both countries, they simply have no experience with giving and receiving tips.

In the UK , tipping was prohibited by law. That has changed, but hardly any player tips. Only tournaments and private clubs with high stakes sometimes give tips. That is mainly the influence of foreign players.

Most casinos in Germany  are chic, the drinks are not free and the employees are well paid. Tipping is considered inappropriate there. It is allowed. At the checkout, German players use the rounding method as an alternative (eg a bill of 8.20 euros is paid with 10 euros). Then it seems more lazy than a tip.

You could roughly say that tipping is uncommon across Europe. Germans may consider tipping to be indecent, in other countries the tradition of tipping simply does not exist. If you are enthusiastic about your profit, you can let a croupier or other employee share it. But keep it modest. With an excessive tip, more than 5%, you will quickly be seen as a showdown.

Antilles and surroundings

If you want to get rid of your money by giving tips in casinos then you have to go to Curacao. In this, after Malta, the largest casino licenser, you can easily get rid of it. They love to tip. This also applies to all countries in the Caribbean, such as Aruba, Puorto Rico and Bahamas. They like high tips, but you decide how much you give.

In Caribbean countries, incomes in casinos are low. You can take this into account when you consider the amount of your tip. According to some, it is wise to start from the tipping standards in the United States.

More specific about tipping

What are concrete amounts or numbers that you should consider in countries where tipping is customary. One advice is, stick to the applicable standard in a country. Let’s take the United States as a starting point.

A general guideline is $ 1 tip per drink, per four suitcases etcetera, $ 2 for the concierge, shuttle driver, room service etcetera, $ 5 for the chambermaid, the valet parking attendant, etcetera. You don’t have to tip a handyman. But remember the taxi drivers. They expect a 15% to 20% tip on top of the fare.

At the table

It is a bit more difficult at the tables and you can act in different ways. When you are going to play single games, sessions or whatever you want to call it, give at least $ 5 when you leave the table. You can also shove a dollar to the dealer every now and then while playing. Or you put them visibly aside and give the total amount when you or the dealer leaves the table. And finally, you can give an amount, at least $ 5, when switching dealers at your table.

If you win a large amount, it goes without saying that you give a generous tip. Then you should think of 5% of your profit. It is most pleasant for the dealer when you give the tip in cash. This means that you must have enough cash with you. That is not always convenient or sufficient. When paying with chips, clearly show that it is for the dealer and not a stake in the game. This prevents problems with casino management for you and the dealer.

You can use the above guideline anywhere in the United States. In several places, far from the big cities, ordinary employees are also satisfied with smaller amounts. This is different for dealers. The above-mentioned general guideline applies throughout the country. And you can also use it in the Caribbean.

Tipping online

Tipping online is obviously a different story. There are no casino employees who hold a door open for you, take your coat or bring a drink. And if your partner or young brother brings that drink, you don’t tip them. You don’t expect the unknown floor manager behind the digital slot machine to ask for a tip either.

Still, some online casinos are currently experimenting with tipping variants. They create situations to encourage players to provide financial support, ie supplements to the basic income of employees. It seems doomed to failure. Only at some of the online live casinos tipping works somewhat for games like roulette and bacarat.